About the Authors

Dima Mazen Qato

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

dimaqato@uic.edu

Affiliations Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois

Shannon Zenk

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Health System Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois

Jocelyn Wilder

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis

Affiliations Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois

Rachel Harrington

Roles Data curation

Affiliation Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois

Darrell Gaskin

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland

G. Caleb Alexander

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, Center for Drug Safety and Effectiveness, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland

Competing Interests

Dr. Alexander is Chair of the FDA’s Peripheral and Central Nervous System Advisory Committee; serves as a paid consultant to PainNavigator, a mobile startup to improve patients’ pain management; serves as a paid consultant to IMS Health; and serves on an IMS Health scientific advisory board. This arrangement has been reviewed and approved by Johns Hopkins University in accordance with its conflict of interest policies. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.