About the Authors

Ming Ding

Affiliations Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America

Changzheng Yuan

Affiliations Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America

Audrey J. Gaskins

Affiliations Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America

Alison E. Field

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America

Stacey A. Missmer

Affiliations Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America

Karin B. Michels

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America, Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, United States of America

Frank Hu

Affiliations Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America

Cuilin Zhang

Affiliation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Matthew W. Gillman

Affiliation Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim HealthCare and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America

Jorge Chavarro

jchavarr@hsph.harvard.edu

Affiliations Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: MD JC. Data curation: AEF SAM KBM FH CZ MWG JC. Formal analysis: MD. Funding acquisition: AEF SAM KBM FH CZ MWG JC. Investigation: MD JC. Methodology: MD CY AJG AEF SAM KBM FH CZ MWG JC. Resources: AEF SAM KBM FH CZ MWG JC. Software: MD CY. Supervision: AEF SAM KBM FH CZ MWG JC. Validation: CY AJG. Visualization: MD. Writing – original draft: MD. Writing – review & editing: CY AJG AEF SAM KBM FH CZ MWG JC.