About the Authors

Shivayogi V. Hiremath

Affiliations Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Physical Therapy, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Elizabeth C. Tyler-Kabara

Affiliations Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Jesse J. Wheeler

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Daniel W. Moran

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Robert A. Gaunt

Affiliations Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Jennifer L. Collinger

Affiliations Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Stephen T. Foldes

Affiliations Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America

Douglas J. Weber

Affiliations Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Weidong Chen

Affiliations Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

Michael L. Boninger

Affiliations Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Wei Wang

wei.wang@wustl.edu

Affiliations Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Competing Interests

DWM owns stock in Neurolutions. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: SVH ECTK JJW DWM RAG JLC STF DJW WC MLB WW. Data curation: SVH ECTK RAG JLC STF WC MLB WW. Formal analysis: SVH ECTK JJW DWM RAG JLC STF DJW WC MLB WW. Methodology: SVH ECTK JJW DWM RAG JLC STF DJW WC MLB WW. Writing – original draft: SVH JLC DJW MLB WW. Writing – review & editing: SVH ECTK JJW DWM RAG JLC STF DJW WC MLB WW.