About the Authors

Aleksandra Leligdowicz

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Sandra A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada

Andrea L. Conroy

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America

Michael Hawkes

Affiliation Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

Kathleen Zhong

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Gerald Lebovic

Affiliation Applied Health Research Centre, The HUB, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Michael A. Matthay

Affiliations Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, United States of America, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, United States of America

Kevin C. Kain

kevin.kain@uhn.ca

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Sandra A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada

Competing Interests

MAM has received grants from Amgen for experimental studies on acute lung injury and from GlaxoSmithKline for studies of sepsis in patients; consultancy agreements for ARDS or lung diseases with Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bayer Inc, Cerus Therapeutics, Biomarck Pharmaceuticals, Quark Pharmaceuticals, Thesan Pharmaceuticals, Incardia Inc, Biogen, and GlaxoSmithKline; DSMB Chair for clinical trials for Roche-Genentec. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: AL ALC MH KCK. Data curation: AL ALC MH GL KZ MAM KCK. Formal analysis: AL ALC MH GL MAM KCK. Funding acquisition: KCK. Investigation: AL ALC MH KZ. Methodology: AL ALC MH GL KCK. Project administration: AL ALC MH KCK. Resources: AL ALC MH KZ KCK. Software: AL GL. Supervision: AL ALC MH KCK. Validation: AL ALC MH GL MAM KCK. Visualization: AL ALC MH MAM KCK. Writing – original draft: AL ALC MH GL MAM KCK. Writing – review & editing: AL ALC MH GL MAM KCK.