About the Authors

Zhou Zhang

Affiliations Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America

Brian Thomas Joyce

Affiliations Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America, Division of Epidemiology/Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America

Jacob K. Kresovich

Affiliations Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America, Division of Epidemiology/Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America

Yinan Zheng

Affiliations Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America

Jia Zhong

Affiliation Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America

Ruchi Patel

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America

Wei Zhang

Affiliations Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America

Lei Liu

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America

Chang Dou

Affiliation Department of Safety Engineering, China Institute of Industrial Relations, Beijing, China

John P. McCracken

Affiliation Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America

Anaité Díaz

Affiliation Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala

Valeria Motta

Affiliation Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan and IRCCS Fondazione Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

Marco Sanchez-Guerra

Affiliations Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America, Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico

Shurui Bian

Affiliation Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America

Pier Alberto Bertazzi

Affiliation Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan and IRCCS Fondazione Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

Joel Schwartz

Affiliation Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America

Andrea A. Baccarelli

Affiliation Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America

Sheng Wang

Contributed equally to this work with: Sheng Wang, Lifang Hou

shengw@bjmu.edu.cn (SW); l-hou@northwestern.edu (LH)

Affiliation Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China

Lifang Hou

Contributed equally to this work with: Sheng Wang, Lifang Hou

shengw@bjmu.edu.cn (SW); l-hou@northwestern.edu (LH)

Affiliations Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America

Competing Interests

Dr. Lei Liu reports personal fees from Celladon, Outcome Research Solutions, and Zensun, all outside this study. The other authors have no potential competing interests to report. We confirm that this does not change our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on data sharing/materials.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: SW CD PAB JS AAB LH. Formal analysis: ZZ YZ. Funding acquisition: JS AAB LH. Investigation: CD JPM AD SW VM PAB. Methodology: ZZ WZ LL. Software: ZZ YZ. Writing – original draft: ZZ BTJ JKK RP JZ MSG SB. Writing – review & editing: ZZ BTJ JKK.