About the Authors
- Bernd Kowall
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Contributed equally to this work with: Bernd Kowall, Wolfgang Rathmann
* E-mail: bernd.kowall@uk-essen.de
Affiliation Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Wolfgang Rathmann
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Contributed equally to this work with: Bernd Kowall, Wolfgang Rathmann
Affiliations German Diabetes Center, Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, Düsseldorf, Germany, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Andreas Stang
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Affiliations Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology Boston University, Talbot Building, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Brenda Bongaerts
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Affiliations German Diabetes Center, Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, Düsseldorf, Germany, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Oliver Kuss
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Affiliations German Diabetes Center, Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, Düsseldorf, Germany, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Christian Herder
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Affiliations German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany, Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Michael Roden
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Affiliations German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany, Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Anne Quante
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Affiliations Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Rolf Holle
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Affiliations German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Cornelia Huth
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Affiliations German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Annette Peters
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Affiliations German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Christa Meisinger
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Affiliations German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization: BK WR. Data curation: C. Huth AP CM. Formal analysis: BK WR. Funding acquisition: WR MR AP CM RH C. Herder. Investigation: BK WR. Methodology: BK MR RH OK AS. Project administration: MR AP CM RH. Validation: BK WR. Visualization: BK WR AS BB OK C. Huth MR AQ RH C. Herder AP CM. Writing – original draft: BK. Writing – review & editing: BK WR AS BB OK C. Huth MR AQ RH C. Herder AP CM.