About the Authors

Bernd Kowall

Contributed equally to this work with: Bernd Kowall, Wolfgang Rathmann

bernd.kowall@uk-essen.de

Affiliation Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Wolfgang Rathmann

Contributed equally to this work with: Bernd Kowall, Wolfgang Rathmann

Affiliations German Diabetes Center, Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, Düsseldorf, Germany, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany

Andreas Stang

Affiliations Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology Boston University, Talbot Building, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Brenda Bongaerts

Affiliations German Diabetes Center, Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, Düsseldorf, Germany, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany

Oliver Kuss

Affiliations German Diabetes Center, Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, Düsseldorf, Germany, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany

Christian Herder

Affiliations German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany, Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

Michael Roden

Affiliations German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany, Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany

Anne Quante

Affiliations Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany

Rolf Holle

Affiliations German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany

Cornelia Huth

Affiliations German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany

Annette Peters

Affiliations German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany

Christa Meisinger

Affiliations German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: BK WR. Data curation: C. Huth AP CM. Formal analysis: BK WR. Funding acquisition: WR MR AP CM RH C. Herder. Investigation: BK WR. Methodology: BK MR RH OK AS. Project administration: MR AP CM RH. Validation: BK WR. Visualization: BK WR AS BB OK C. Huth MR AQ RH C. Herder AP CM. Writing – original draft: BK. Writing – review & editing: BK WR AS BB OK C. Huth MR AQ RH C. Herder AP CM.