About the Authors

Elissa K. Butler

Affiliation Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America

Tu M. Tran

Affiliation Duke University Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, United States of America

Neeraja Nagarajan

Affiliation Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

Joseph Canner

Affiliation Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

Anthony T. Fuller

Affiliations Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Durham, NC, United States of America, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America

Adam Kushner

Affiliation Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

Michael M. Haglund

Affiliations Duke University Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, United States of America, Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Durham, NC, United States of America, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America

Emily R. Smith

emily.smith1@duke.edu

Affiliations Duke University Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, United States of America, Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Durham, NC, United States of America

on behalf of the SOSAS 4 Country Research Group

Membership of the SOSAS 4 Country Research Group is provided in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: ES AK. Formal analysis: NN JC TT EB ES. Funding acquisition: AK MH. Investigation: NN JC TT EB ES. Methodology: NN JC TT EB ES. Software: NN JC TT EB ES. Supervision: ES. Validation: NN JC TT EB ES. Writing – original draft: EB ES. Writing – review & editing: EB TT NN JC AF AK MH ES.