About the Authors

Steve J. A. Majerus

Affiliations Advanced Pltatform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America

Paul C. Fletter

Affiliations Advanced Pltatform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America

Elizabeth K. Ferry

Affiliations Division of Urology, Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America, Urology Institute, University Hospitals, Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America

Hui Zhu

Affiliations Advanced Pltatform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America, Division of Urology, Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, United States of America

Kenneth J. Gustafson

Affiliations Urology Institute, University Hospitals, Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America, Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America

Margot S. Damaser

damasem@ccf.org

Affiliations Advanced Pltatform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, United States of America, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America

Competing Interests

This work is covered by patent application U.S. Patent Application No. US 13/889,852 of which some authors are inventors. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: SJM PCF HZ KJG MSD. Data curation: SJM PCF HZ KJG MSD. Formal analysis: SJM PCF MSD. Funding acquisition: KJG MSD. Investigation: SJM PCF HZ KJG MSD. Methodology: SJM PCF HZ KJG MSD. Project administration: MSD. Resources: HZ KJG MSD. Software: SJM PCF. Supervision: HZ KJG MSD. Validation: SJM PCF HZ KJG MSD. Visualization: SJM PCF. Writing – original draft: SJM PCF EKF HZ KJG MSD. Writing – review & editing: SJM PCF EKF HZ KJG MSD.