About the Authors

Xiangyang Guan

Affiliation Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America

Cynthia Chen

qzchen@uw.edu

Affiliation Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America

Dan Work

Affiliation Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: CC XG. Data curation: XG DW. Formal analysis: XG CC. Funding acquisition: CC. Investigation: XG CC. Methodology: XG CC. Project administration: CC. Resources: CC. Software: XG CC DW. Supervision: CC. Validation: XG. Visualization: XG. Writing – original draft: CC XG. Writing – review & editing: CC XG DW.