About the Authors

Rachel K. Crowley

Affiliation St Vincent’s University Hospital & University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

Michael W. O’Reilly

Affiliation Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom

Iwona J. Bujalska

Affiliation Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom

Zaki K. Hassan-Smith

Affiliation Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom

Jonathan M. Hazlehurst

Affiliation Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom

Danielle R. Foucault

Affiliation Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom

Paul M. Stewart

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliation University of Leeds School of Medicine, Leeds LS2 9NL, United Kingdom

Jeremy W. Tomlinson

jeremy.tomlinson@ocdem.ox.ac.uk

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: RC MWO IJB PMS JWT. Data curation: RC MWO IJB DF ZHS JMH. Formal analysis: RC MWO IJB JWT. Funding acquisition: PMS. Investigation: RC MWO IJB JMH ZHS DF JWT. Methodology: IJB MWO JWT. Project administration: MWO. Resources: MWO IJB JMH ZHS DF. Supervision: JWT PMS. Validation: RC MWO IJB. Visualization: RC MWO IJB. Writing – original draft: RC MWO IJB. Writing – review & editing: PMS JWT.