About the Authors

Diego Juffe-Bignoli

diego.juffe-bignoli@unep-wcmc.org

Affiliation United Nations Environment Programme, World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, CB3 0DL Cambridge, United Kingdom

Thomas M. Brooks

Affiliations International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), 28 rue Mauverney, 1196 Gland, Switzerland, World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia

Stuart H. M. Butchart

Affiliations BirdLife International, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom

Richard B. Jenkins

Affiliation IUCN Global Species Programme, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom

Kaia Boe

Affiliation Nature-based Solutions Group, IUCN, 28 Rue Mauverney, 1196 Gland, Switzerland

Michael Hoffmann

Affiliations United Nations Environment Programme, World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, CB3 0DL Cambridge, United Kingdom, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), 28 rue Mauverney, 1196 Gland, Switzerland

Ariadne Angulo

Affiliation IUCN Species Survival Commission, Amphibian Specialist Group, Toronto M8W 1R2, Canada

Steve Bachman

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, United Kingdom

Monika Böhm

Affiliation Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom

Neil Brummitt

Affiliation Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom

Kent E. Carpenter

Affiliation IUCN Marine Biodiversity Unit, Global Species Programme/ Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America

Pat J. Comer

Affiliation NatureServe, 4600 N. Fairfax Dr., Arlington, VA 22203, United States of America

Neil Cox

Affiliation IUCN CI Biodiversity Assessment Unit, IUCN Global Species Programme, c/o Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, United States of America

Annabelle Cuttelod

Affiliation IUCN Global Species Programme, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom

William R. T. Darwall

Affiliation IUCN Global Species Programme, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom

Moreno Di Marco

Affiliations ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Lincoln D. C. Fishpool

Affiliation BirdLife International, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom

Bárbara Goettsch

Affiliation IUCN Global Species Programme, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom

Melanie Heath

Affiliation BirdLife International, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom

Craig Hilton-Taylor

Affiliation IUCN Global Species Programme, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom

Jon Hutton

Affiliations United Nations Environment Programme, World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, CB3 0DL Cambridge, United Kingdom, Luc Hoffmann Institute, WWF International, 1196 Gland, Switzerland

Tim Johnson

Affiliation United Nations Environment Programme, World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, CB3 0DL Cambridge, United Kingdom

Ackbar Joolia

Affiliation IUCN Global Species Programme, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom

David A. Keith

Affiliations Centre for Ecosystem Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia, New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage, Hurstville, New South Wales 2220, Australia

Penny F. Langhammer

Affiliation School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States of America

Jennifer Luedtke

Affiliation IUCN Species Survival Commission, Amphibian Specialist Group, Toronto M8W 1R2, Canada

Eimear Nic Lughadha

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, United Kingdom

Maiko Lutz

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, United Kingdom

Ian May

Affiliation BirdLife International, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom

Rebecca M. Miller

Affiliations Nature-based Solutions Group, IUCN, 28 Rue Mauverney, 1196 Gland, Switzerland, IUCN Global Ecosystem Management Programme, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom

María A. Oliveira-Miranda

Affiliation Provita, Apdo. 47552, Caracas 1041-A, Venezuela

Mike Parr

Affiliation American Bird Conservancy, 1731 Connecticut Avenue, Washington DC 20009, United States of America

Caroline M. Pollock

Affiliation IUCN Global Species Programme, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom

Gina Ralph

Affiliation IUCN Marine Biodiversity Unit, Global Species Programme/ Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America

Jon Paul Rodríguez

Affiliations International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), 28 rue Mauverney, 1196 Gland, Switzerland, Provita, Apdo. 47552, Caracas 1041-A, Venezuela, Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Apdo. 20632, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela

Carlo Rondinini

Affiliation Global Mammal Assessment Program, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 32, I-00185 Rome, Italy

Jane Smart

Affiliations International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), 28 rue Mauverney, 1196 Gland, Switzerland, Biodiversity Conservation Group, IUCN, 28 Rue Mauverney, 1196 Gland, Switzerland

Simon Stuart

Affiliations United Nations Environment Programme, World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, CB3 0DL Cambridge, United Kingdom, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), 28 rue Mauverney, 1196 Gland, Switzerland

Andy Symes

Affiliation BirdLife International, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom

Andrew W. Tordoff

Affiliation Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, United States of America

Stephen Woodley

Affiliation World Commission on Protected Areas IUCN, 64 Juniper Road, Chelsea, QC J9B1T3, Canada

Bruce Young

Affiliation NatureServe, 4600 N. Fairfax Dr., Arlington, VA 22203, United States of America

Naomi Kingston

Affiliation United Nations Environment Programme, World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, CB3 0DL Cambridge, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: DJB TMB SHMB RJ KB NK M. Hoffmann. Data curation: DJB. Formal analysis: DJB TMB SHMB RJ KB NK M. Hoffmann. Funding acquisition: DJB TMB NK. Investigation: DJB TMB SHMB RJ KB NK M. Hoffmann AA MB NB KEC PJC NC AC WRTD MM LDCF BG M. Heath CHT TJ AJ DAK PFL JL ENL ML IM RMM MAOM MP CMP GR JPR CR AS AWT BY NK. Methodology: DJB TMB SHMB RJ KB NK M. Hoffmann. Project administration: DJB TMB NK. Resources: TMB SHMB RJ KB NK M. Hoffmann AA MB NB KEC PJC NC AC WRTD MM LDCF BG M. Heath H CHT TJ AJ DAK PFL JL ENL ML IM RMM MAOM MP CMP GR JPR CR AS AWT BY NK. Supervision: TMB SHMB RJ KB NK M. Hoffmann. Validation: DJB. Visualization: DJB TMB SHMB RJ KB NK M. Hoffmann. Writing - original draft: DJB TMB SHMB RJ KB NK M. Hoffmann. Writing - review & editing: DJ TMB SHMB RJ KB NK M. Hoffmann AA MB NB KEC PJC NC AC WRTD MM LDCF BG M. Heath CHT JH TJ AJ DAK PFL JL ENL ML IM RMM MAOM MP CMP GR JPR CR JS SS AS AWT SW BY NK.