About the Authors

Kuen-Tsann Chen

Affiliation Department of Applied Math, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan

Yu-Yawn Chen

Affiliations Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Cosmetic Application & Management, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Ilan, Taiwan

Chia-Wei Wang

Affiliation Department of Applied Math, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan

Chih-Lin Chuang

Affiliation Department of Radiology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

Li-Ming Chiang

Affiliation Department of Hospitality, Recreation, and Tourism Management, East Stroudsburg University, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Chung-Liang Lai

Affiliation Department of Physical Medicine and Rehab, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan

Hsueh-Kuan Lu

Affiliation Sport Science Research Center, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan

Gregory B. Dwyer

Affiliation Department of Exercise Science, East Stroudsburg University, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Shu-Ping Chao

Affiliation Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan

Ming-Kuei Shih

Affiliation Department of Food and Beverage management, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Kuen-Chang Hsieh

abaqus0927@yahoo.com.tw

Affiliations Fundamental Education Center, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, Research Center, Charder Electronic Co., Ltd, Taicung, Taiwan

Competing Interests

The commercial company Charder Electronic Co., Ltd provided BIA device-Tanita BC-418 for this study. Additionally, co-author Kuen-Chang Hsieh was employed by Charder Electronic Co., Ltd during this study. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter our adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: K.-T. Chen, Y.-Y. Chen, and C.-W. Wang. Performed the experiments: K.-T. Chen, Y.-Y. Chen, C.-W. Wang, C.-L. Chuang, and K.-C. Hsieh. Analyzed the data: K.-T. Chen, C.-L. Chuang, and K.-C. Hsieh. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: C.-W. Wang, C.-L. Chuang, C.-L. Lai, and H.-K. Lu. Wrote the paper: C.-W. Wang, C.-L. Chuang, L.-M. Chiang, C.-L. Lai, H.-K. Lu, G. B. Dwyer, S.-P. Chao, M.-K. Shih, and K.-C. Hsieh.