About the Authors

Mercy A. Opiyo

mopiyo@ihi.or.tz

Affiliations Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania, Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Gabriel L. Hamer

Affiliation Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America

Dickson W. Lwetoijera

Affiliation Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania

Lisa D. Auckland

Affiliation Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America

Silas Majambere

Affiliations Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania, Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Innovative Vector Control Consortium, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Fredros O. Okumu

Affiliations Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Republic of South Africa

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MAO GLH SM FOO. Performed the experiments: MAO. Analyzed the data: MAO FOO. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MAO GLH DWL LDA SM FOO. Wrote the paper: MAO FOO. Prepared and submitted samples for stable isotope analysis: LDA. Read, revised and approved the final draft: MAO GLH DWL SM FOO.