About the Authors
- John MacDonald
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* E-mail: johnmm@upenn.edu
Affiliation Department of Criminology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Jeffrey Fagan
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Affiliation Columbia Law School, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Amanda Geller
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Affiliation Department of Sociology, New York University, New York, NY, United States of America
Competing Interests
Jeffrey Fagan was an expert witness for the plaintiffs in the case of Floyd et al. v. City of New York, 08 Civ. 1034 (S.D.N.Y.). John MacDonald currently serves on the federal monitoring committee on the settlement agreements in Floyd et al. v. City of New York, et al., 08 Civ. 1034 (AT), Ligon, et al., v. City of New York, et al., 12-CV-2274 (AT), and Davis et al., vs. City of New York, et al., 10-CV-00699 (AT). The opinions expressed in the article reflect those of the authors only and not any other entity. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: JM JF. Performed the experiments: JM JF. Analyzed the data: JM JF AG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JM JF. Wrote the paper: JM JF.