About the Authors

Muhammad Khalid Rafiq

Affiliations College of Pastoral Agriculture, Science and Technology Agric, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou.730000, PR China, Directorate of Range Mgt and Forestry, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China

Robert Thomas Bachmann

Affiliation Malaysian Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (MICET), Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), Lot 1988, Taboh Naning,78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia

Muhammad Tariq Rafiq

Affiliation Department of Environmental Science, International Islamic University, Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan

Zhanhuan Shang

Affiliations College of Pastoral Agriculture, Science and Technology Agric, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou.730000, PR China, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China

Stephen Joseph

Affiliation School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia

Ruijun Long

longrj@lzu.edu.cn

Affiliations College of Pastoral Agriculture, Science and Technology Agric, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou.730000, PR China, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MKR MTR ZS SJ RL. Performed the experiments: MKR. Analyzed the data: MKR RTB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ZS RL. Wrote the paper: MKR MTR ZS RTB SJ RL.