About the Authors

Antonella d’Arminio Monforte

antonella.darminio@unimi.it

Affiliation University of Milan, Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy

Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri

Affiliation University College, London, United Kingdom

Franco Maggiolo

Affiliation Spedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy

Giuliano Rizzardini

Affiliation L Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy

Paolo Emilio Manconi

Affiliation University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

Nicola Gianotti

Affiliation San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy

Tiziana Quirino

Affiliation Busto Arsizio Hospital, Varese, Italy

Carmela Pinnetti

Affiliation INMI L Spallanzani, Rome, Italy

Stefano Rusconi

Affiliation University of Milan, Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy

Andrea De Luca

Affiliation University of Siena, Siena, Italy

Andrea Antinori

Affiliation INMI L Spallanzani, Rome, Italy

Icona Foundation Study cohort

The complete membership of the author group can be found in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no conflicts of interest exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ADM AA ADL ACL. Performed the experiments: FM TQ CP GR PEM SR NG. Analyzed the data: ACL. Wrote the paper: ADM AA ADL ACL.