About the Authors

Claudio Porrini

Affiliation Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie (DipSA), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Franco Mutinelli

fmutinelli@izsvenezie.it

Affiliation Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, NRL for beekeeping, Legnaro (Padova), Italy

Laura Bortolotti

Affiliation CRA-API, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Bologna, Italy

Anna Granato

Affiliation Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, NRL for beekeeping, Legnaro (Padova), Italy

Lynn Laurenson

Affiliation FERA, Sand Hutton, York, United Kingdom

Katherine Roberts

Affiliation FERA, Sand Hutton, York, United Kingdom

Albino Gallina

Affiliation Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, NRL for beekeeping, Legnaro (Padova), Italy

Nicholas Silvester

Affiliation Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, NRL for beekeeping, Legnaro (Padova), Italy

Piotr Medrzycki

Affiliation CRA-API, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Bologna, Italy

Teresa Renzi

Affiliation Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie (DipSA), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Fabio Sgolastra

Affiliation Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie (DipSA), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Marco Lodesani

Affiliation CRA-API, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Bologna, Italy

Competing Interests

Authors Lynn Laurenson and Katherine Roberts are employed by FERA. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CP ML FM. Performed the experiments: CP FS TR FM A. Granato A. Gallina LB PM ML. Analyzed the data: FS CP TR. Wrote the paper: FS CP A. Granato A. Gallina LL KR LB FM TR NS ML. Virus analysis and English revision: LL KR. Designed and managed the database used for data collection: NS.