About the Authors

Sofus C. Larsen

sofus.christian.larsen@regionh.dk

Affiliations Research unit for Dietary Studies, the Parker Institute, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark

Lars Ängquist

Affiliation Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark

Max Moldovan

Affiliation Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences and Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia

Ville Huikari

Affiliation Center for Life-Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, P.O.Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Sylvain Sebert

Affiliation Center for Life-Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, P.O.Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Alana Cavadino

Affiliations Centre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom, Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Tarunveer Singh Ahluwalia

Affiliations The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark

Tea Skaaby

Affiliation Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark

Allan Linneberg

Affiliations Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Lise Lotte N. Husemoen

Affiliation Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark

Ulla Toft

Affiliation Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark

Oluf Pedersen

Affiliation The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Torben Hansen

Affiliation The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Karl-Heinz Herzig

Affiliations Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Medical Research Center Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Biocenter Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, Aapistie 5A, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin

Affiliations Center for Life-Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, P.O.Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Biocenter Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, Aapistie 5A, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, P.O.Box 20, FI-90220 Oulu, 90029 OYS, Finland

Chris Power

Affiliation Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Elina Hyppönen

Affiliations Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences and Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia, Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia

Berit L. Heitmann

Affiliations Research unit for Dietary Studies, the Parker Institute, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark, The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark, The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

Thorkild I. A. Sørensen

Affiliations Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

Novo Nordisk had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TIAS BLH SCL. Analyzed the data: LÄ SCL MM VH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MRJ EH AL KHH SS. Wrote the paper: SCL LÄ SS TIAS BLH TSA TS AL LLNH UT OP TH KHH MRJ AC CP EH. Read and approved the final manuscript: SCL LÄ MM VH SS AC TSA TS AL LLNH UT OP TH KHH MRJ CP EH BLH TIAS.