About the Authors
- Sarah C. Woodhall
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Contributed equally to this work with: Sarah C. Woodhall, Gillian S. Wills
* E-mail: sarah.woodhall@phe.gov.uk (SW); anne.johnson@ucl.ac.uk (AMJ)
Affiliations National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Gillian S. Wills
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Contributed equally to this work with: Sarah C. Woodhall, Gillian S. Wills
Affiliation Jefferiss Research Trust Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Patrick J. Horner
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Affiliation School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Rachel Craig
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Affiliation NatCen Social Research, London, United Kingdom
- Jennifer S. Mindell
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Affiliation Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Gary Murphy
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Affiliation National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- Myra O. McClure
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Affiliation Jefferiss Research Trust Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Kate Soldan
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Affiliation National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- Anthony Nardone
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¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.
Affiliation National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- Anne M. Johnson
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* E-mail: sarah.woodhall@phe.gov.uk (SW); anne.johnson@ucl.ac.uk (AMJ)
¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.
Affiliation Research Department of Infection and Population Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
Competing Interests
SCW, AN and GM are employed by Public Health England. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: AMJ AN SW KS PH MM GW. Performed the experiments: GW. Analyzed the data: SW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MM GW GM RC JSM. Wrote the paper: SW GW PH RC JSM GM MM KS AN AMJ. Provided access to, and expert advice on analysis of, the Health Survey for England: RC JSM. Managed specimen storage: GM.