About the Authors

Chung-En Hsu

Contributed equally to this work with: Chung-En Hsu, Tzu-Kang Lin

‡ These authors are co-first authors on this work.

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

Tzu-Kang Lin

Contributed equally to this work with: Chung-En Hsu, Tzu-Kang Lin

tklin100@cgmh.org.tw

‡ These authors are co-first authors on this work.

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

Ming-Hsueh Lee

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Chiayi and Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan

Shih-Tseng Lee

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

Chen-Nen Chang

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

Chih-Lung Lin

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Yung-Hsin Hsu

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

Yin-Cheng Huang

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

Tsung-Che Hsieh

Affiliation Division of Neurosurgery, Saint Paul's Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan

Chee-Jen Chang

Affiliation Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CEH TKL. Performed the experiments: CEH TKL MHL STL CNC CLL YHH YCH TCH CJC. Analyzed the data: CEH TKL CJC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TKL MHL STL CNC CLL YHH YCH TCH CJC. Wrote the paper: CEH TKL.