About the Authors

Homa Alemzadeh

alemzad1@illinois.edu

Affiliation Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America

Jaishankar Raman

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Nancy Leveson

Affiliation Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Zbigniew Kalbarczyk

Affiliation Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America

Ravishankar K. Iyer

Affiliation Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America

Competing Interests

This research was supported, in part, by grants no. NSF CNS 15-45069 and NSF CNS 13-14891 from the National Science Foundation, Jump ARCHES Endowment for Engineering and Health Care Innovation from the OSF Foundation (Peoria, IL), an unrestricted grant from Infosys, and a faculty award from IBM (HA, ZK, and RKI received the funding). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HA JR RKI. Performed the experiments: HA. Analyzed the data: HA JR ZK RKI. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HA. Wrote the paper: HA JR NL ZK RKI.