About the Authors

Katrina L. Callender

Affiliations Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada, Energy, Mining and the Environment, National Research Council, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Sébastien Roy

Affiliation Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada

Damase P. Khasa

Affiliation Université Laval, Québec, Canada

Lyle G. Whyte

Affiliation Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada

Charles W. Greer

charles.greer@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca

Affiliation Energy, Mining and the Environment, National Research Council, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KLC CWG DPK SR. Performed the experiments: KLC. Analyzed the data: KLC CWG DPK SR LGW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KLC CWG DPK SR LGW. Wrote the paper: KLC CWG.