About the Authors

Xiao Liu

Affiliations Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America

Richard Wolfe

Affiliation Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Center for Intelligent, Distributed and Dependable Systems, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America

Lonnie R. Welch

Affiliations Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Center for Intelligent, Distributed and Dependable Systems, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America

David S. Domozych

Affiliation Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, United States of America

Zoë A. Popper

Affiliation Botany and Plant Science and Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine, and Energy Research, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland

Allan M. Showalter

showalte@ohio.edu

Affiliations Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AMS XL. Performed the experiments: XL. Analyzed the data: XL AMS DSD ZAP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RW LW. Wrote the paper: XL AMS DSD ZAP.