About the Authors

Nina Vyas

Affiliations Physical Sciences of Imaging for Biomedical Sciences (PSIBS) Doctoral Training Centre, College of Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham, B4 6NN, United Kingdom

Emilia Pecheva

Affiliation School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham, B4 6NN, United Kingdom

Hamid Dehghani

Affiliation School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom

Rachel L. Sammons

Affiliation School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham, B4 6NN, United Kingdom

Qianxi X. Wang

Affiliation School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom

David M. Leppinen

Affiliation School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom

A. Damien Walmsley

a.d.walmsley@bham.ac.uk

Affiliation School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham, B4 6NN, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ADW NV EP. Performed the experiments: NV EP. Analyzed the data: NV HD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: EP RLS HD DML QXW. Wrote the paper: NV QXW EP ADW.