About the Authors

Kendrick B. Turner

Affiliation American Society for Engineering Education, Postdoctoral Fellow at the US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States of America

Jennifer Naciri

Affiliation American Society for Engineering Education, Science and Engineering Apprenticeship Participant at US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States of America

Jinny L. Liu

Affiliation Center for Bio/molecular Science and Engineering, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States of America

George P. Anderson

Affiliation Center for Bio/molecular Science and Engineering, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States of America

Ellen R. Goldman

Affiliation Center for Bio/molecular Science and Engineering, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States of America

Dan Zabetakis

daniel.zabetakis@nrl.navy.mil

Affiliation Center for Bio/molecular Science and Engineering, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DZ KT EG. Performed the experiments: KT JN JL GA DZ EG. Analyzed the data: KT DZ GA EG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KT JL DZ. Wrote the paper: KT DZ JL GA EG.