About the Authors

Claudia Börnhorst

boern@bips.uni-bremen.de

Affiliation Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany

Alfonso Siani

Affiliation Unit of Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy

Paola Russo

Affiliation Unit of Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy

Yannis Kourides

Affiliation Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Strovolos, Cyprus

Isabelle Sion

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

Denés Molnár

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary

Luis A. Moreno

Affiliation GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

Gerardo Rodríguez

Affiliations GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain, IIS Aragón (Aragon Health Research Institute), Zaragoza, Spain

Yoav Ben-Shlomo

Affiliation School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Laura Howe

Affiliations School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Lauren Lissner

Affiliation Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

Kirsten Mehlig

Affiliation Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

Susann Regber

Affiliations Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden

Karin Bammann

Affiliation Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research (IPP), Faculty for Human and Health Sciences, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany

Ronja Foraita

Affiliation Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany

Wolfgang Ahrens

Contributed equally to this work with: Wolfgang Ahrens, Kate Tilling

Affiliations Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany

Kate Tilling

Contributed equally to this work with: Wolfgang Ahrens, Kate Tilling

Affiliation School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AS CB DM LAM LH LL KB KM WA YBS. Performed the experiments: AS CB DM GR IS LAM LH LL KB KM PR RF SR WA YBS YK. Analyzed the data: CB KT. Wrote the paper: CB KT WA. Interpretation of data and critical revision: AS CB DM GR IS LAM LH LL KB KM KT PR RF SR WA YBS YK.