About the Authors

Ran Chen

rchen3@ualberta.ca (RC); lorne.tyrrell@ualberta.ca (DLT)

Affiliations Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Katz Centre for Health Research, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Michelle Kobewka

Affiliations Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Katz Centre for Health Research, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

William Addison

Affiliations Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Katz Centre for Health Research, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Gerald Lachance

Affiliations Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Katz Centre for Health Research, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

D. Lorne Tyrrell

rchen3@ualberta.ca (RC); lorne.tyrrell@ualberta.ca (DLT)

Affiliations Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Katz Centre for Health Research, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: D. Lorne Tyrrell is Director and Chief Scientific Officer of KMT Hepatech Inc. All the other authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DLT RC. Performed the experiments: RC MK GL. Analyzed the data: RC MK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RC MK GL. Wrote the paper: RC WA DLT. PI on the grants supporting the research: DLT.