About the Authors

Kosuke Asada

asada.kosuke@gmail.com

Affiliation Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Yoshikuni Tojo

Affiliation College of Education, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan

Hiroo Osanai

Affiliation Musashino Higashi Center for Education and Research, Musashino Higashi Gakuen, Tokyo, Japan

Atsuko Saito

Current address: Department of Childhood Education, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan

Affiliation Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Toshikazu Hasegawa

Affiliation Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Shinichiro Kumagaya

Affiliation Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KA SK. Performed the experiments: KA. Analyzed the data: KA. Wrote the paper: KA SK. Contributed to the materials/apparatuses and the recruitment of the participants: YT HO AS TH.