About the Authors

Tanzeela Khalid

Affiliation Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Raphael Aggio

Affiliation Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Paul White

Affiliation Institute of Biosensor Technology, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom

Ben De Lacy Costello

Affiliation Institute of Biosensor Technology, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom

Raj Persad

Affiliation Bristol Urological Institute, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom

Huda Al-Kateb

Affiliation Institute of Biosensor Technology, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom

Peter Jones

Affiliation Institute of Biosensor Technology, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom

Chris S. Probert

Chris.Probert@liverpool.ac.uk

Affiliation Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Norman Ratcliffe

Affiliation Institute of Biosensor Technology, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RP NR CSP BDC. Performed the experiments: TK. Analyzed the data: PW RA TK HAK PJ BDC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NR CSP BDC RA PW. Wrote the paper: TK BDC CSP NR PW RA. Patient recruitment and sample collection: TK.