About the Authors

Yuan Sun

Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America

Peyman Sahbaie

Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America

DeYong Liang

Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America

Wenwu Li

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Xiaoyou Shi

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Paige Kingery

Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America

J. David Clark

djclark@stanford.edu

Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YS PS JDC. Performed the experiments: YS PS PK. Analyzed the data: YS PS DL JDC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YS PS DL WL XS JDC. Wrote the paper: YS JDC.