About the Authors

Gayle M. Lorenzi

Contributed equally to this work with: Gayle M. Lorenzi, Barbara H. Braffett

glorenzi@ucsd.edu

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Barbara H. Braffett

Contributed equally to this work with: Gayle M. Lorenzi, Barbara H. Braffett

Affiliation The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Valerie L. Arends

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Ronald P. Danis

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Lisa Diminick

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Kandace A. Klumpp

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Anthony D. Morrison

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America

Elsayed Z. Soliman

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Michael W. Steffes

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Patricia A. Cleary

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

the DCCT/EDIC Research Group

Membership of the DCCT/EDIC Research Group is listed in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

The authors have the following interests: Industry contributors have had no role in the DCCT/EDIC study but have provided free or discounted supplies or equipment to support participants’ adherence to the study: Abbott Diabetes Care (Alameda, California), Animas (Westchester, Pennsylvania), Bayer Diabetes Care (North America Headquarters, Tarrytown, New York), Becton Dickinson (Franklin Lakes, New Jersey), Eli Lilly (Indianapolis, Indiana), Extend Nutrition (St. Louis, Missouri), Insulet Corporation (Bedford, Massachusetts), Lifescan (Milpitas, California), Medtronic Diabetes (Minneapolis, Minnesota), Nipro Home Diagnostics (Ft. Lauderdale, Florida), Nova Diabetes Care (Billerica, Massachusetts), Omron (Shelton, Connecticut), Perrigo Diabetes Care (Allegan, Michigan), Roche Diabetes Care (Indianapolis, Indiana), and Sanofi-Aventis (Bridgewater, New Jersey). There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GML BHB VLA RPD EZS MWS PAC. Performed the experiments: VLA RPD EZS MWS. Analyzed the data: GML BHB LD KAK PAC. Wrote the paper: GML BHB VLA RPD LD KAK ADM EZS MWS PAC.