About the Authors

K. G. Saw

kgsaw@usm.my

Affiliations Physics Programme, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia, Institute of Nano-optoelectronics Research and Technology, Sains@USM, 11900, Penang, Malaysia

N. M. Aznan

Affiliation Physics Programme, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia

F. K. Yam

Affiliation School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia

S. S. Ng

Affiliation Institute of Nano-optoelectronics Research and Technology, Sains@USM, 11900, Penang, Malaysia

S. Y. Pung

Affiliation School of Materials and Mineral Resources Eng., Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong, Tebal, Malaysia

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KGS. Performed the experiments: KGS NMA. Analyzed the data: KGS NMA. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KGS SSN FKY SYP. Wrote the paper: KGS.