About the Authors

Pan Ji

Affiliation Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

Jeffrey Parks

Affiliation Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

Marc A. Edwards

Affiliation Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

Amy Pruden

apruden@vt.edu

Affiliation Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AP MAE PJ. Performed the experiments: PJ JP. Analyzed the data: PJ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JP. Wrote the paper: PJ AP MAE.