About the Authors

Annick Lefebvre

annick.lefebvre@chu-dijon.fr

Affiliations Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France, Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Health Risks, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France

Xavier Bertrand

Affiliations Infection Control Department, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France, Chrono-environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France

Philippe Vanhems

Affiliations Infection Control, Epidemiology and Prevention Department, Hospital Group Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France, Epidemiology and Public Health Team, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France

Jean-Christophe Lucet

Affiliations UHLIN, Hospital Group Bichat—Claude Bernard, HUPNVS, AP-HP, Paris, France, Paris Diderot University, Paris 7, Paris, France

Pascal Chavanet

Affiliations Infectious Diseases Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France, Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Health Risks, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France

Karine Astruc

Affiliation Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France

Michelle Thouverez

Affiliation Infection Control Department, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France

Catherine Quantin

Affiliations Biostatistics and Medical Information Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France, Epidemiology Department—EA 4184, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France

Ludwig Serge Aho-Glélé

Affiliation Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AL XB PV JCL PC KA CQ LSAG. Performed the experiments: AL KA MT. Analyzed the data: AL LSAG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AL KA LSAG. Wrote the paper: AL XB CQ LSAG. Critical revision of manuscript: AL XB PV JCL PC KA MT CQ LSAG.