About the Authors

Joseph A. Schwartz

jaschwartz@unomaha.edu

Affiliation School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America

Kevin M. Beaver

Affiliations College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America, Center for Social and Humanities Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

J. C. Barnes

Affiliation School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JAS. Analyzed the data: JAS. Wrote the paper: JAS KMB JCB.