About the Authors

Molly Rosenberg

mrosenb@hsph.harvard.edu

Affiliation Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States of America

Audrey Pettifor

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America, MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America

Nadia Nguyen

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America

Daniel Westreich

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America

Jacob Bor

Affiliation Department of Global Health, Boston University, Boston, United States of America

Till Bärnighausen

Affiliations Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States of America, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, United States of America, Wellcome Trust Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Paul Mee

Affiliations MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

Rhian Twine

Affiliation MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Stephen Tollman

Affiliations MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana

Kathleen Kahn

Affiliations MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MR AP NN DW JB TB PM RT ST KK. Performed the experiments: MR. Analyzed the data: MR. Wrote the paper: MR AP NN DW JB TB PM RT ST KK. Conceptualized and designed the study: MR. Drafted the manuscript: MR. Contributed to the conception and design of the study: AP NN DW JB TB PM RT ST KK. Designed and/or were involved with the collection, storage, and analysis of data from the parent studies: TB PM RT ST KK. Contributed to the interpretation of the findings, contributed to the manuscript, and approved the final version as submitted: MR AP NN DW JB TB PM RT ST KK.