About the Authors

Gabriella d’Ettorre

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy

Giancarlo Ceccarelli

giancarlo.ceccarelli@uniroma1.it

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy

Noemi Giustini

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy

Sara Serafino

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy

Nina Calantone

Affiliation Program in Barrier Immunity and Repair, Lab of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Gabriella De Girolamo

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy

Luigi Bianchi

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy

Valeria Bellelli

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy

Tommaso Ascoli-Bartoli

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy

Sonia Marcellini

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy

Ombretta Turriziani

Affiliation Department of Virology, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy

Jason M. Brenchley

Affiliation Program in Barrier Immunity and Repair, Lab of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Vincenzo Vullo

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GdE GC NG JB VV. Performed the experiments: NG SS NC GDG LB VB TA-B SM OT. Analyzed the data: GdE GC NG JB VV. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GdE GC NG SS NC GDG LB VB TA-B SM OT. Wrote the paper: GdE GC NG SS JB VV.