About the Authors

Julianne Williams

julianne.williams@dph.ox.ac.uk

Affiliation British Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF United Kingdom

Peter Scarborough

Affiliation British Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF United Kingdom

Nick Townsend

Affiliation British Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF United Kingdom

Anne Matthews

Affiliation British Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF United Kingdom

Thomas Burgoine

Affiliation UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ United Kingdom

Lorraine Mumtaz

Affiliation British Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF United Kingdom

Mike Rayner

Affiliation British Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JW PS AM NT TB MR. Performed the experiments: JW PS AM NT LM TB. Analyzed the data: JW PS AM NT LM TB. Wrote the paper: JW PS AM NT LM TB MR.