About the Authors

Yongjun Zhang

Contributed equally to this work with: Yongjun Zhang, Qing S. Cao

Affiliation College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China

Qing S. Cao

Contributed equally to this work with: Yongjun Zhang, Qing S. Cao

Affiliations Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, Virginia, United States of America

Daniel I. Rubenstein

Affiliation Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America

Sen Zang

Affiliation College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China

Melissa Songer

Affiliation Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, Virginia, United States of America

Peter Leimgruber

Affiliation Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, Virginia, United States of America

Hongjun Chu

Affiliations College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China, Altai Forestry Bureau, Altai, Xinjiang, China

Jie Cao

Affiliation Wild Horse Breeding Center, Xinjiang Forestry Department, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China

Kai Li

Affiliation College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China

Defu Hu

hudf@bjfu.edu.cn

Affiliation College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DH YZ QSC KL. Performed the experiments: YZ QSC SZ. Analyzed the data: QSC DIR MS PL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DH QSC DIR HC JC KL. Wrote the paper: QSC DIR DH. Obtained permission for research in the reserve: JC HC DH KL.