About the Authors

Emma Stone

Contributed equally to this work with: Emma Stone, Matt R. K. Zeale

Affiliation School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom

Matt R. K. Zeale

Contributed equally to this work with: Emma Stone, Matt R. K. Zeale

matt.zeale@bristol.ac.uk

Affiliation School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom

Stuart E. Newson

Affiliation British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, United Kingdom

William J. Browne

Affiliation Graduate School of Education, and Centre for Multilevel Modelling, University of Bristol, 2 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TX, United Kingdom

Stephen Harris

Affiliation School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom

Gareth Jones

Affiliation School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ES SH GJ. Performed the experiments: ES MRKZ. Analyzed the data: MRKZ. Wrote the paper: MRKZ SH GJ. Conducted the population modelling: SEN. Conducted the multilevel modelling: WJB. Supervised the study: SH GJ.