About the Authors

Eino Solje

Affiliation Institute of Clinical Medicine–Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

Heidi Aaltokallio

Affiliation Institute of Clinical Medicine–Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

Heli Koivumaa-Honkanen

Affiliations Institute of Clinical Medicine–Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland, Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland, Department of Psychiatry, South-Savonia Hospital District, Mikkeli, Finland, Department of Psychiatry, North Karelia Central Hospital, Joensuu, Finland, Department of Psychiatry, SOSTERI, Savonlinna, Finland, Department of Psychiatry, SOTE, Iisalmi, Finland, Department of Psychiatry, Lapland Hospital District, Rovaniemi, Finland

Noora M. Suhonen

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

Virpi Moilanen

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

Anna Kiviharju

Affiliation Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

Bryan Traynor

Affiliation Neuromuscular Diseases Research Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America; Brain Sciences Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Pentti J. Tienari

Affiliation Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

Päivi Hartikainen

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

Anne M. Remes

anne.remes@uef.fi

Affiliations Institute of Clinical Medicine–Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland, Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

Competing Interests

Dr. Traynor has a patent pending on the diagnostic and therapeutic uses based on the discovery of the hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72. Dr. Traynor has received grant funding from Microsoft Research, but he has not received any offers of past, current or future employment, consultancy, patents, products in development, or marketed products. The remaining authors disclose no conflicts of interest. The authors confirm that this information does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ES HK-H PH AR. Performed the experiments: ES HA NMS VM AK BT PT PH. Analyzed the data: ES HA HK-H AK BT PT PH AR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BT PT. Wrote the paper: ES HA HK-H NMS VM AK BT PT PH AR.