About the Authors

Suzanne I. M. Alsters

Contributed equally to this work with: Suzanne I. M. Alsters, Anthony P. Goldstone

Affiliation Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Anthony P. Goldstone

Contributed equally to this work with: Suzanne I. M. Alsters, Anthony P. Goldstone

tony.goldstone@imperial.ac.uk (AG); a.blakemore@imperial.ac.uk (AB)

Affiliations Imperial Centre for Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom, Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology and Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom, Metabolic and Molecular Imaging Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Jessica L. Buxton

Affiliations Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom

Anna Zekavati

Affiliation NIHR Imperial BRC Genomics Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Alona Sosinsky

Affiliation NIHR Imperial BRC Genomics Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Andrianos M. Yiorkas

Affiliation Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Susan Holder

Affiliation NW Thames Regional Genetics Service, Kennedy Galton Centre, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, United Kingdom

Robert E. Klaber

Affiliation Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Nicola Bridges

Affiliation Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Mieke M. van Haelst

Affiliation Department of Medical Genetics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Carel W. le Roux

Affiliations Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

Andrew J. Walley

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Robin G. Walters

Affiliation Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Michael Mueller

Affiliation NIHR Imperial BRC Genomics Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Alexandra I. F. Blakemore

tony.goldstone@imperial.ac.uk (AG); a.blakemore@imperial.ac.uk (AB)

Affiliation Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AG MVH CLR RW AB. Performed the experiments: SA JB AZ AS MM. Analyzed the data: SA JB AS AY AW RW MM. Wrote the paper: SA AG AB. Sample collection: AG. Clinical characterization: AG NB SH RK.