About the Authors

Frank L. Forcino

flforcino@email.wcu.edu

Affiliation Western Carolina University, Geosciences and Natural Resources Department, 331 Stillwell Building, Cullowhee, NC, United States of America, 28723, (828) 227–7367, fax: (828) 227–7647

Lindsey R. Leighton

Affiliation University of Alberta, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, 1–26 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E3

Pamela Twerdy

Affiliation University of Alberta, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, 1–26 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E3

James F. Cahill

Affiliation University of Alberta, Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405, Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E9

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: FLF LRL. Performed the experiments: FLF LRL PT. Analyzed the data: FLF LRL JFC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: FLF LRL JFC. Wrote the paper: FLF LRL JFC.