About the Authors

Eric I. Benchimol

ebenchimol@cheo.on.ca

Affiliations Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada, Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventative Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada

Douglas G. Manuel

Affiliations Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada

Teresa To

Affiliations Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

David R. Mack

Affiliations Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada, Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada

Geoffrey C. Nguyen

Affiliations Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada, Mount Sinai Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Toronto, Canada, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Jennifer L. Gommerman

Affiliation Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Kenneth Croitoru

Affiliations Mount Sinai Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Toronto, Canada, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Nassim Mojaverian

Affiliation Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada

Xuesong Wang

Affiliation Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada

Pauline Quach

Affiliations Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada

Astrid Guttmann

Affiliations Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada, Division of Pediatric Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Competing Interests

All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at (www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf) and declare no support from any organization for the submitted work; no financial relationships with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years; no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: EIB DGM TT DRM GCN NM XW AG. Performed the experiments: EIB DGM GCN NM XW AG. Analyzed the data: EIB NM XW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: EIB DGM JLG KC NM XW AG. Wrote the paper: EIB DGM TT DRM GCN JLG KC NM XW PQ AG.