About the Authors

Robert P. Dziak

robert.p.dziak@noaa.gov

Affiliation Oregon State University/Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies and NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Newport, Oregon, 97365–5258, United States of America

DelWayne R. Bohnenstiehl

Affiliation Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695–8208, United States of America

Kathleen M. Stafford

Affiliation Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Haruyoshi Matsumoto

Affiliation Oregon State University/Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies and NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Newport, Oregon, 97365–5258, United States of America

Minkyu Park

Affiliation Polar Environmental Research Division, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406–840, Republic of Korea

Won Sang Lee

Affiliation Polar Environmental Research Division, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406–840, Republic of Korea

Matt J. Fowler

Affiliation Oregon State University/Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies and NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Newport, Oregon, 97365–5258, United States of America

Tai-Kwan Lau

Affiliation Oregon State University/Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies and NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Newport, Oregon, 97365–5258, United States of America

Joseph H. Haxel

Affiliation Oregon State University/Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies and NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Newport, Oregon, 97365–5258, United States of America

David K. Mellinger

Affiliation Oregon State University/Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies and NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Newport, Oregon, 97365–5258, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RPD DRB MP HM. Performed the experiments: RPD DRB HM MP WSL MF KMS JHH. Analyzed the data: RPD DRB HM DKM KMS WSL MF TKL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RPD DRB HM WL KMS DKM TKL. Wrote the paper: RPD DRB KMS HM.