About the Authors

Amanda Hildebrand

Affiliation Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America

Takao Kasuga

Affiliations Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America

Zhiliang Fan

jzfan@ucdavis.edu

Affiliation Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AH TK ZF. Performed the experiments: AH. Analyzed the data: AH ZF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ZF. Wrote the paper: AH TK ZF.