About the Authors

Jesse Tigner

tigner@explor.net

Current address: Explor, Suite 1500, 630 6th Ave SW, Calgary, Alberta T2P 0S8, Canada

Affiliation Integrated Landscape Management Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada

Erin M. Bayne

Affiliation Integrated Landscape Management Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada

Stan Boutin

Affiliation Integrated Landscape Management Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors received funding and in-kind support for this research from a number of sources across a broad spectrum of stakeholder groups including commercial interests, government agencies, and First Nations groups. Commercial sources of funding and in-kind support came from professional societies, oil companies, and oil field service providers including Canadian Association of Geophysical Contractors, IHS Energy, Apache Canada, Canadian Natural, EOG Canada, Nexen, and Nabors International. Neither this commercial support, nor support from other non-commercial interests influenced the design, execution, or reporting of this study. This support does not alter the authors’ adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. No funders had any role in this research outside of providing financial or in-kind support. Funders did not influence study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript in any way.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JT EMB SB. Performed the experiments: JT. Analyzed the data: JT EMB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JT EMB SB. Wrote the paper: JT EMB SB.