About the Authors

Tiffany A. Coon

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States of America

Alison C. McKelvey

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States of America

Nate M. Weathington

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States of America

Rahel L. Birru

Affiliation Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States of America

Travis Lear

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States of America

George D. Leikauf

Affiliation Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States of America

Bill B. Chen

chenb@upmc.edu

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States of America, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States of America

Competing Interests

A provisional patent application (US 61/924,639) covering PDE4 inhibitors and additional modifications was filed through the University of Pittsburgh. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BBC. Performed the experiments: TAC ACM NMW TL BBC. Analyzed the data: RLB GDL BBC. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: TAC ACM TL GDL BBC.