About the Authors

Nirupama Putcha

Nputcha1@jhmi.edu

Affiliation Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Milo A. Puhan

Affiliation Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

M. Bradley Drummond

Affiliation Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

MeiLan K. Han

Affiliation Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Elizabeth A. Regan

Affiliation Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America

Nicola A. Hanania

Affiliation Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Carlos H. Martinez

Affiliation Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Marilyn Foreman

Affiliation Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Surya P. Bhatt

Affiliation Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Barry Make

Affiliation Pulmonary and Critical Care, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America

Joe Ramsdell

Affiliation Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America

Dawn L. DeMeo

Affiliation Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

R. Graham Barr

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York, United States of America

Stephen I. Rennard

Affiliation Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America

Fernando Martinez

Affiliation Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, United States of America

Edwin K. Silverman

Affiliation Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

James Crapo

Affiliation Pulmonary and Critical Care, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America

Robert A. Wise

Affiliation Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Nadia N. Hansel

Affiliation Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

RGB reports receiving funding from the National Institutes of Health and United States-Environmental Protection Agency, with an in-kind donation from Cenestra Health and royalties from UpToDate. In the past 3 years, MKH has participated in advisory boards for Boehringer Ingelheim, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Genentech, Novartis, Forest, Regeneron and Medimmune; participated on speaker's bureaus for Boehringer Ingelheim, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Grifols therapeutics, and the National Association for Continuing Education, and WebMD; has consulted for Novartis, Evidera and United Biosource Corporation; and has received royalties from UpToDate and ePocrates. She has also participated in research sponsored by GlaxoSmithKline with funds paid to her institution. In the past three years, EKS received honoraria and consulting fees from Merck and grant support from GlaxoSmithKline. In the past three years, MBD had participated in advisory boards for Lupin Pharmaceuticals and Boehringer Ingelheim. In the last three years, BJM has participated in medical advisory boards for Aerocrine, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Breathe, Coviden, GlaxoSmithKline, Forest, Ikaria, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Respironics, Theravance; has received grant funds provided to and controlled by National Jewish Health from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Forest, NABI, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Sunovian; consulted for Forest; and participated in CME activities with Consensus Medical, Cleveland Clinic, Integrity, Carden Jennings, Mt Sinai, Cedars Sinai, WebMD, Foundation for Improving Patient Outcomes; and royalties from Up-To-Date. The remaining authors have no relevant financial disclosures. The above stated interests do not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NP NNH RAW MAP MBD MKH. Analyzed the data: NNH NP RAW MBD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NP MAP MBD MKH NAH EKS JC RAW NNH. Wrote the paper: NP MAP MBD MKH EAR NAH CM MF SPB BM JR DD RGB SIR FM EKS JC RAW NNH.