About the Authors

Jamie Whitehouse

Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hampshire, United Kingdom

Bridget M. Waller

Bridget.waller@port.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hampshire, United Kingdom

Mathilde Chanvin

Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hampshire, United Kingdom

Emma K. Wallace

Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of York, York, Yorkshire, United Kingdom

Anne M. Schel

Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of York, York, Yorkshire, United Kingdom

Kate Peirce

Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hampshire, United Kingdom

Heidi Mitchell

Affiliation Marwell Wildlife, Winchester, Hampshire, United Kingdom

Alaina Macri

Affiliation Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh Zoo, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Katie Slocombe

Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of York, York, Yorkshire, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BMW KS. Performed the experiments: JW MC EKW AMS KP. Analyzed the data: JW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HM AM. Wrote the paper: JW BMW KS.